大人の英文法 ネイティブチェックメモ(3) -名詞・冠詞・代名詞- →はインフォーマントのコメント,※は参考情報。●はA・B間で意見が分かれたもの。
●
She is rumored to have been an actress
(→actor).
(A) ● ●
I’m getting on well with my colleagues (→workmates).
(A) ●
They considered his idea to be just a desk plan (→fantasy).
(A) →(A):desk
planは和製英語。 ● I rent DVDs from a rental shop, but I often forget to return them by the deadline (→return date).(A・B) →(B):deadlineは何かのprojectに使う。 ● The new shopping mall will play an important part in the local economy (→community).(B) →(B):play
a part はeconomyよりmore
tangibleなものに使う。economyなら
... will benefit the local economyがベター。 ●
It is said that about forty percent of Japanese people have ( hay fever / pollen
allergy ). →(A):pollen allergyを使う/(B):hay feverの方が普通。 ●
With regard to politics, I have no idea (→opinions).
(A) ●
Most of the advanced countries depend on immigrants for labor force (→labor). ●
Chika
plays the flute, and her boyfriend the horn (→French
horn). →(A):楽器のホルンはFrench
horn。 ● The sudden change in the weather forced the climbers to give up his attempt to reach the mountaintop (→summit). (A) →(A):moutaintopは子どもっぽい。 ● It seemed clear that the audience were charmed by Sheryl’s singing performance (→singing). (A) ● I want to buy a PC (computer, tablet, notebook computer). (A・B) →(A):PCは古臭く響く。 ●
I
like reading sci-fi (→science-fiction)
stories.
(A) →(A):sci-fiはやや古い語で,movie [film] の前に置くのが普通。 ● He has no sense of money (→loyalty, hard work, dutyなど). →(A・B):日本語では「彼には金銭感覚がない」と言うが,sense
of moneyとは言わない。 ● I want to buy some souvenirs (→presents) for my family before having lunch. (A) →(B):souvenirsも間違いではないが,自分ならsomethingを使う。 ● →(B):streetはareaではないからaroundは使えない。 ● The train came thirty minutes behind time (→schedule). (A) ●
This room smells of tobacco (→cigarettes). ●
The online news article turned out to be a fake. →(B):主語をpaintingにするか,a fakeをfake newsに。newsはfakeだがarticleはfakeではない。なおfake newsは最近できた言い方で,fakeは典型的には芸術作品について使う。 ● We have some cakes and tea (→tea and cake(s)) ready on the table.(B) →(B):ただし常に飲み物が先というわけではなく,たとえばcheese and wineとは言う。 ●
I forgot to bring my ( card key / key card ). →(A):どちらも使う。/(B):key cardが正しい。card keyは和製英語。
◆冠詞/名詞の単複 ●
Despite the new policy, the economy hasn't shown a sign (→any
signs) of recovery yet. (A) ● I don’t have brothers (→any brothers). (A) ●
About 30 percent of the students got perfect scores (→a
perfect score).(A) ※配分単数がベターということ。 ● British and American cultures (→culture) have a lot (of things) in common with each other.(A・B) →(B):1つの文化とみなして単数形を使う。cultureは(There are many cultures in the world.のような文以外は)基本的に複数形にしない。 ●
I wish I had a translator of dog ( language / languages ). →(A):複数形を使う。/(B):単数形を使う。 ●
His lifestyle is typical of Japanese people (→a
Japanese person). (A) ● No one has ever succeeded in taking pictures (→a picture) of the animal. (A) ※never/everで経験を表す文中では,SVOのOは単数形にするのが基本。この文の場合,picturesは複数の写真を(1回の機会で)撮影することを前提とした言い方になる。 ●
They
looked alike ( except / except for ) the ( color / colors ) of their eyes. →(B):except
for,color。colorはone subjectだから単数にする。 ●
Most people use ( a computer / the computer / computers ) at work. →(B):1人が(同時に)使うパソコンはふつう1台だから単数形でよいが,複数形(配分複数)も可。 theだと特定のパソコンを表すことになる。総称のtheはふつう主語の位置で使う。 ●
We
had ( heavy / a heavy ) rain yesterday. →(B):heavy。rainは不可算名詞だから。 ※Netspeakで「had * heavy rain」を検索すると,aが1,100件,無冠詞が2,000件。 ●
@
I shouldn’t have ordered ( such / such a ) hot curry. A
I shouldn’t have made ( such / such a ) hot curry. →(B):@Aどちらも全部可。「@はsuch
a,Aはsuchがベターではないか」と尋ねたところ,それはイエスだがAでsuch
aを使っても間違いとは言えない(カレーをone dishと考える)とのこと。 ●
In this region the winter temperature seldom drops (→temperatures
seldom drop) below zero.(A) ● He continued his study (→studies) at the cost of his health. ※Wisdom4版にcontinue one's studies(学業を続ける)という例あり。ジーニアス6版では「one's studies=(主に大学での)学業」。 ● This cup noodle (→cup of noodles) tastes better than the one I usually have. (A) ●
We told about our family (→families)
by turns. (A) ●
The loss adds (→losses add)
up to 1 million dollars. (A)
●
The disaster brought home to them the danger of flood (→floods).
(A) ● I wonder why war breaks (→wars break) out even though everyone hopes for peace. (A) ● My daughter goes in for the doll (→dolls). (A) →(A):goesが動作動詞だから(習慣を表すことになる)。 ●
E-mails (→E-mail)
can be used anytime. (A・B) ● None of the candidates could get a majority vote (→a majority of the votes). (A) ●
Until
his wife was discharged from the hospital, Phi did all housework (→all
the housework) himself. (A) ※all
(the) membersのように集団を表す(複数)名詞の前のtheは,意味を誤解されるおそれがなければ省略可能だが,この文ではtheが必要。 ●
The
important thing is not to accept all things (→all
the things) that your teacher says but to think by
yourself. (B) ●
Little
is known about how ancient Egyptians (→the
ancient Egyptians) built such huge pyramids. (A)
● I hear the viewer ratings of yesterday’s game were record-high (→a record-high) 60.25 percent. (A) ●
The
girl, with the help of people around her, was able to go to music school
(→a music school). (A) ● Draw the (→a) straight line to connect Point A and Point B. (A) ●
My room faces the south. → theを削除
(A) ●
I’m so eager to go to the concert of B’z (→B’z
concert). (A) ●
The amount of bonus (→the [your] bonus)
is at the manager’s discretion. (A) →(B):The size of the bonus is ... ●
Fill in each blank with one word so that each pair of sentences are (→is)
close in meaning. (A・B) ●
Lisa is ( a / the ) quiet type, so I talk a lot to keep up our conversation. →(A):theを使う/(B):aも間違いではないが,theを使う。 ● 絵の説明としてどちらを使うか? The
woman sitting on ( a / the )
bench is my sister. →(B):the。女性が座っているベンチは1つに特定できるから。 ●
@Who’s the girl reading ( a / the ) book? AWho’s
the girl sitting on ( a / the ) bench? →@についてAはaを使うというので,Bに尋ねたらやはりaを使うという。しかし「Aはtheなのになぜ@がaなのか?」とBに問い直すと,@もtheでよいとのこと。 ●
@( American people / The Americans ) seem to express their opinions more
clearly than A( us / us Japanese ). →Aは「@はどちらでもよい」,Aは「us
Japaneseは(学習者用の例文としても)使うべきではない」という見解。Bは「@でthe
Americansを使うとinsultingに響く。Aでus Japaneseを使うとarrogantに響く」。 ●
The U.S. government should make ( regulations / the regulations ) for guns
stricter. →(A・B):どちらも可/(B)@は一般論,Aは特定の規制を念頭に置いている(銃規制について一定の知識がある)場合。 ●
Nowhere in the world is the diversity of marine life greater than in ( coral
reefs / the coral reefs ). →(A):theを入れる/(B):theは入れない。 ●
I went camping last weekend and used ( the / a ) tent I bought six months ago
for the first time. →(B):theが正しい(後方照応) ●
Lisa [She] is ( the / a ) singer who made the song. →(B):theが正しい(その歌を作った人はふつう一人だから) ●
Hold
( a / the ) rope with both hands. →(A):aを使う。/(B):theを使う。 ●
I’m interested in ( American history / the history of America ). →(A):American
historyの方が自然。始まりと終わりが明確な歴史なら,the
history of Rome のように言う。 ●She
has a nice piano, but unfortunately, I don't have ( an instrument ) to play.(2014
学習院大) 質問:選択肢の1つにinstrumentsがあるが,これは誤りか? →(B):誤り。any
instrumentsなら正しい。 ●
We could go to a café if you have ( time / some time ). →(A):some timeを使う。/(B):timeを使う。
◆代名詞 ● Himeji is famous for a (→its) beautiful castle. (B) →(B):aだと城が複数あるように響くので不自然。その城のことが既に話題に出ている状況ならtheを使う。 ●
It is generally believed that the souls of ancestors (→our
ancestors) return to this world during the Bon
period. (B) ● The (→That) plan will get nowhere. (A) ● If you don't have an umbrella, you can use this (→this one). (B) →(B):「この傘を使っていい」の意味だからoneを加える。 ●
I can't afford a new car. Instead, I want to buy a used car (→one).
(A) ●
I prefer Australian beef to ( @American / AAmerican beef ). →(A):Aを使う。@は英語的に不自然/(B):@の方が自然。同じ名詞の繰り返しは避ける。 ●
A lot of people consider nuclear weapons to be inhumane ( @ones / Aweapons
). →(A):Aを使う。/(B):どちらかを選ぶなら@を使う(同じ名詞の繰り返しは避ける)。ただし(
)に何も入れないのがベスト。 ●
Some
Japanese people who study English want to be good speakers of English (→it),
while others take pleasure in reading English books, no matter how difficult
they are.(B) →(B):同じ名詞を何度も繰り返すとぎこちなく響く。 ●@Full-time
workers’ wages were widely different from part-time workers’. AFull-time
workers’ wages were widely different from those of part-time workers. →(A・B)Aがベター。Bによると,@は最後のアポストロフィを見落としやすいため。 ●
Once you have started to do anything, never give it up.
(富山大) →(A):anythingをsomethingに変えてitを削除する方が自然。 ●You
are new here, and as ( such ), I will have to train you.(2014 日本大) 質問:前に該当する名詞がないのに,代名詞のsuchをこのように使ってよいか? →(B):かまわない。 ●Even
if ( located ) in remote areas, zoos are extremely popular among your families. (2018
日本女子大) 質問:下線部のyourはOKか? →(B):ノー。削除すべき。
|
|