大人の英文法

ネイティブチェックメモ(4) 

-形容詞・副詞・前置詞・準動詞・関係詞-

→はインフォーマントのコメント,※は参考情報。はA・B間で意見が分かれたもの。

形容詞

It looked like an ordinary stone, but in fact it was a fossil of high academic (→research) value. (A)

● have a bad (→foul) mouth(口が悪い)  (A)

※Netspeakではhave/has a bad mouth : have/has a foul mouth=549:1,274

●(disgustedを使った例文として次のどちらがベターか?)

@I was disgusted with the poor service at the restaurant.

AI was disgusted by the violent scenes in the movie.

→(A):Aがベター。@はdisgustedよりirritatedなどが適切/(B)Aの方がベターだが,disgustedは人のbehaviorについて使うことが多い。

● Without the promotional video posted on online video sites, the number of visitors to the town wouldn't have increased so drastically (→dramatically) in such a short time.(B)

→(B):drasticはネガティブな内容に使うことが多い。

They were earnest for (→passionate about) their son’s education. (A)

● The cashier couldn’t have made such an elementary (→a simple [silly]) mistake.

She said she gave her boyfriend some ( handmade / homemade ) cookies on Valentine’s Day.

→(A):handmadeは食べ物には使わない/(B):どちらでもよい

He was concerned about how much (→large a) pension he could receive after retirement. (A)

How big is the population of this city?

→(A):このままでよい/(B):largeにすべき。

Yuka sings as well as a pro (→professional) singer. (A)

→(A):pro singerとはあまり言わない。

● “I’m @( worried / worrying )  A( to be / about being )  appointed B( as / to ) captain.” “Don’t worry. You can do it!”

→(B):@はworried,Aはabout being,Bはtoを使う。Aでto beは不可。aboutを使った場合,話し手はまだキャプテンに任命されていない。

● I am regretful for what I have done. It is regretful that he died [what he said].  (A)

※辞書の説明では「人 be regretful」だが,Netspeakではit is regretful : I am regretful=2,200:892

●次の文はどちらも正しいか?  

@Taking too much salt can cause high blood pressure.

ATaking salt too much can cause high blood pressure.

→(B):@だけが正しい。しかしAは,Eating salt too much can ...なら正しい。

副詞(句)

● Nakamura alone scored a goal in the soccer game. (次のどちらの意味か?)

@The score of Nakamura’s team was just one.

ANo other players assisted Nakamura with his goal.

→(A・B):両方の意味に解釈できる。

● John alone got a perfect score.  (次のどちらの意味か?)

@Nobody except John got a perfect score.

AJohn got a perfect score without anyone’s help.

→(B):常識的に考えて@の意味(Aは誰かがカンニングの手伝いをしたように響く)。

● My grandfather worked at city hall at that time (→in those days).(A・B)

→(B):at that time はピンポイントで時の1点を表す場合に使う。

● To put it shortly (→bluntly), the plan is impractical. (A)

● Unlike in Japan, there aren't vending machines outdoors everywhere (→everywhere in foreign countries). (A)

● The earthquake yesterday was the strongest I have (   ) experienced.

〇@ever  Anever  Byet  Cnot

→(A):Bも別解となりうる。

● Unlike in Japan, there aren’t vending machines outdoors (→outdoors everywhere) in foreign countries. (A) 

● February 14 was when they first had a date (→had their first date). (A) 

● The Giants are at the top (→in the lead), followed by the Tigers. (A) 

@“How ( often / many times ) have you been to China?” “Just once.”

A“How ( often / many times ) have you been to China?” “Several times.”

→Aが「@はmany timesがベター」というのでBに訪ねると,「@はoftenを使う。how many timesは相手が複数回中国へ行ったことがある場合にしか使わない」とのこと。Aなら両方OK。

They are renovating the hotel, hoping that it will attract more visitors from home and abroad.

→(A):homeをhereとする/(B):homeをthis countryとする。

Foreign workers have increased sharply for the past five years

→(A):in the last five yearsに訂正/(B):どちらも正しく,forは増加が継続していたことを表す。inは2つの時点を比べているだけで,途中経過はわからない。

● I want to be independent of my parents as early (→soon) as possible. (A)

 

前置詞

There seem to be a lot of problems about (→in) the plan.(A)

● I first met her at (→in) this park.  (A)

They say (that) Einstein was behind (→behind in) his class when he was a child. (A) 

What you are saying is beside the mark (→beside the point,wide of the mark). (君の言っていることは的外れだ)  (A・B)

→(A・B):beside the markとは言わない。

※Netspeakではbeside the point=360,000,beside the mark=27,000,wide of the mark=110,000件。  

● I’m going to work part-time at a bookstore ( for / during ) the summer.

→(A・B)どちらも可。

● She is fresh from (→out of) college. (A)

● A lot of oil flowed away from (→out of) the tanker. (A)  

We weren’t in (→on) time for the game because of a traffic jam.

→(A):in timeだと「試合を全く見られなかった」の意味になる。/(B):inのままでよい(onは試合開始に間に合わなったの意味にも解釈できる)が,We were late for 〜の方がベター。

● Many fans were waiting in line, with a young boy in front (→at the front).(A)

No matter how tired I am, I ( write / write in ) my diary every day.

→ (A):write inを使う/(B):writeを使う

All the data is ( in / on ) this DVD.

→(A):inもonも使う。/(B):inは誤り。onが正しい。

● As the population increased in the city (→the city's population increased), so did the number of crimes. (A)

● They went fishing (   ) the river. [over, under, 〇in, to] (関西学院大)

→(A):橋の上から釣ったならoverも可。

● I showed her some photos ( of / from / in ) my childhood. 

→(B):ofとfromが正しい。inは不可。

● Most of the customers of (→at) the ramen shop order miso ramen. (B)

→(B):ofは客がデパートなどの会員(membership)のときに使う。  

● The editor hit on a good title of (→for) the book. (A)

● I got ( off / out of ) my car and locked the door.

→(B):out ofを使う。offだと「車の屋根から飛び降りる」ような意味になる。

● pride oneself on→ onの代わりにinも使える (A) 

※Netspeakでは,pride myself on : pride myself in=51,000:14,000。

● I came up with a good idea.=A good idea hit on (→upon) me. (A)

I was very hungry because I hadn’t eaten anything since morning ( that day / on that day ).

→(A):on that day を使う/(B):that day を使う

Netspeakmorning (on) that dayを検索すると,onありが852件,なしが1,300件。

Americans often start their speech ( by / with ) a joke.

→(A):byもwithも使う。/(B):byは誤り。withが正しい。

● He cut his finger ( with / on ) a knife by mistake.

→(B):withを使う(intentionallyではなくても)。onは,たとえばまな板の上に歯を上にして立てて置いてあるナイフに手が触れて切れたような場合なら使える。

● He parted with (→from) his ancestral home.(彼は先祖伝来の家を手放した) (A)

 

準動詞

I practice English conversation to travel abroad (→to talk to people abroad). (A・B)

→(B):旅行することは英語を学ぶ直接の理由ではない。

● @ Can you turn down the TV so that I can study

A Can you turn down on the TV for me to study?

→(A):@はよいがAは不自然/(B):同意。Aの下線部はessential reasonではない。

Can you think of any word beginning (→that begins) with z? (A)

→(B):自分はbeginningを使う。その方がeasierだから。

● @I’m looking for a shop ( selling / which sells ) used game software.

AI’m looking for a shop ( buying / which buys ) used game software.

→(B):自分は@ではselling,Aではwhich buysを使う。Aは業態として中古ゲームの買取をやっている店を探すという場合はwhich buys,そういう店が見つかるかどうかわからない場合はwhich will buy

My father’s working office is in Kawasaki.

→(A):たとえば父の会社には複数のオフィスがあって,その中で父が働いているのは川崎にあるオフィスであるような場合は,このように言うこともある。

→(B):この文は誤り。officeは働く場所だから,working officeのように限定することは無意味。またmy father’s running shopのようにも言わない。

● I like playing video games eating (→while eating) potato chips. (A・B)

→(B):間違いではないがwhileを入れる方がよい。あるいはeatingの前にコンマを入れる。  

They were talking loudly, so they didn’t hear the baby cry (→crying) in the next room. (A)

→(B):どちらも可。cry(あるいはscream)は「そのとき(瞬間的に)聞こえなかった」の意味。cryingは継続して泣いていたという響き。

● It's really ( exciting / excited / excitement ) to ride on that roller coaster.

@excite  〇Aexciting  Bexcited  Cexcitement

→(A):itがたとえば犬なら,Bも別解となりうる。  

●Do as you are ( told / told to / told to do ). は全部正しいか?(フォロワーさんから)

→(B):イエス。またasの代わりにwhatも可だが,asはat the same timeの意味を含み,その場で実演しているような状況で使う。  

 

◆関係詞

● @Japan is the only country that atomic bombs were dropped upon.

AJapan is the only country where atomic bombs were dropped.

→(B):@がmuch better  

● We have to go through with it whatever (→no matter what) happens.(私たちは何が起きてもそれをやり遂げなければならない) (A)

 

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